Sensitivity in cultural, political, economical and social Inequality led to effort in measuring precision. So, different types of inequality indices are developed and the quality improvement is considered. Due to ever increasing Computer memory capacity and data processing speed, Electronic Cards and transactions, evolution of information and Microdata phenomenon is emerging. Thus, the main purpose of this study has been to apply Microdata Distribution Expenditure (Income), in order to estimate with more precision the Economic Inequality in Iran and to use the opportunity for testing consistency among the different inequality indices in the distribution of income. The results indicate that the average urbanGini coefficient has significantly increased during (2000-2001) in compare with (1996-1999), while there has been no difference in the rural areas. According to the results, one may cautiously state that the beginning of the third 5-years developing plan has started with increase in economic inequality. The down-up inequality trend in urban areas and the up-down trend of inequality in rural areas during 1996 to 1999 indicate the lack of any definite and effective policy concerning the income distribution in Iran.  

Background and objectives: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common mononeuropathy encountered in clinical practice. Conventional electro diagnosis studies have been useful in the diagnosis of this condition. The Terminal Latency INDEX (TLI) is a derived neurophysiological value that adjusts the Distal motor Latency (DL) for the terminal distance and motor nerve Conduction Velocity (CV).Several studies have suggested utility of the median TLI for diagnosis of CTS.The goal of this study is to evaluate prospectively the sensitivity of the median TLI in the diagnosis of CTS and compare it with other electrodiagnosis techniques.Material and Methods: This study was done on 111 patients as CTS group & 62 healthy subject as control group. In all groups five selected tests of electrodiagnosis were done and all of them were compared with TLI sensitivity.Results: The mean TLI was 0.3±0.05 in the CTS group and 0.42±0.03 in the control group. The sensitivity of TLI was 73% The TLI wasn't statistically better than the other tests, but in three cases from the CTS group, the TLI was the only abnormal test.The 7 and 14 cm method had meaningful sensitivity in contrary to other tests.Conclusion: The sensitivity of TLI has no meaningful difference with other routine electro diagnostic tests in diagnosis of CTS.The median TLI is a useful but not more sensitive electrodiagnostic test for CTS.

Introduction: Three methods of OCRA INDEX, Strain INDEX (SI), and ACGIH HAL have been proposed for the assessment of risk factors of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Investigating the correlation and consistency of these three methods are of prominence importance in the workplaces. Thus, this study aimed to determine the correlations of the results of the above mentioned methods. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 tasks were studied in four industries. For each task, a video taping of a full working cycle was prepared and evaluated according to the instructions of each method. The level of risk exposure to musculoskeletal disorders was analyzed with correlation and Kappa agreement coefficient tests using SPSS (version 16) and R software packages.Results: The correlation between the results of risk assessments of OCRA and SI methods for right and left hands were acceptable and equal to 0.751 and 0.726, respectively (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the coefficients of agreement between OCRA and HAL methods for left and right hands were 0.526 and 0.595, respectively.Conclusion: These findings partly confirmed the agreement between the methods of risk assessment. The origin of this partial agreement can be the number and type of variables and their impacts on the final score of the methods.

Introduction: J.E.Hirsch introduced H INDEX to scientometric domain, representing actual scientific profitability quality of a researcher’s publications; and is equal to effective INDEX for researchers. Literature review: Studies showed that documents database have provided different H scores for each researcher and for different scientific fields. Despite the utmost advantages of H-INDEX it also have some flaws such as need to use complementary indices such as m, r, g INDEX. Conclusions: The strength point of H INDEX, is its ability to use in limited levels which is an complementary for other bibliomeetric exist INDEXes. This INDEX, with others, could be a suit INDEX to improvement scientific levels for researchers, scientist, and scientific board members.

Background: Bispectral INDEX (BIS) assesses depth of anesthesia. There are controversial reports about opioids, like remifentanil, effect on BIS. At this study, the effect of different doses of remifentanil, 0.1mg/kg/min (LD) and 0.2mg/kg/min (HD) on BIS were evaluated.Materials and Method: 54 patients, ASA Class 1 or 2, age 20-60 years old who were admitted for cataract surgery under general anesthesia were selected. Induction of anesthesia: sodium thiopental 5mg/kg, succinylcholin 2 mg/kg, lidocaine 1 mg/kg and fentanil 2mg/ kg. After tracheal intubations, cisatracuriom 0.15 mg/ kg, propofol 200mg/kg/min and remifentanil HD or LD, each for 10 minutes, with randomized sequences. 4 patients were excluded because they got hypertension or tachycardia more than %20 of baseline or physical movement under general anesthesia.BIS was recorded every one minute. Comparison of mean BIS values of the two groups was made by intra group t-test.Results: Mean BIS in LD group was 51.73±5.87 and in HD group was 45.22±5.2. P-value was <0.001, so the difference was significant.Conclusion: Remifentanil combined with propofol can change BIS, so we can use BIS as an monitoring of depth of anesthesia during general anesthesia with opioids base.

Strength measurement of rock requires testing that must be carried out on test specimens with particular sizes in order to fulfill testing standards or suggested methods. Often, the coring process breaks up the weaker core pieces, and they are too small to be used in either INDEX tests or conventional strength tests such as point load INDEX (Is) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS). One of the INDEX tests to indirectly determine the rock strength is the block punch INDEX (BPI) test, which requires flat disc specimens without special treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the BPI test for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), BTS and IS of the sandstones by empirical equations. Also, we have compared the performance of the BPI and IS for predicting the UCS and BTS. It was experimentally shown that BPI is a reliable method for predicting the UCS, BTS and Is of the sandstones under study. Moreover, the results indicate that BPI could be utilized with same importance as Is for predicting the UCS, while predicting the BTS by Is appears to be more reliable than BPI.